Abstract
This paper presents a small microcontroller-based sine-wave generator for probe signals of a wide range of amplitudes and frequencies, which requires very little energy so that it can be used for wireless applications in biosensing. The presented realization generates a 10-kHz sine wave with a 100-mV peak-to-peak voltage. Its total harmonic distortion is less than 0.15%, and the spurious free dynamic range excluding harmonics is about 85 dB. The generator's total power consumption at a 3.3-V supply voltage and without output buffers is less than 3.5 mW. This value includes the power requirement of the microcontroller's internal 8-MHz clock generator and is below the power needs of current direct-digital-synthesis-based signal generators. The presented concept bases on commercially available electronic components and is implemented for probe signal generation in wireless batteryless tags for long-term impedance measurements on standard microbiological cell cultures. The included microcontroller enables the use of a phase-controlled trigger signal and other simultaneous control functions, e.g., for peripheral components and data communication. © 2011 IEEE.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 2039-2046 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement |
Volume | 60 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2011 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Battery-less
- Biosensing
- Clock generator
- Data-communication
- Electronic component
- Impedance measurement
- Impedance monitoring
- Output Buffer
- Peak-to-peak voltages
- Peripheral components
- Power needs
- Power requirement
- Probe signals
- Simultaneous control
- Sine-wave
- Spurious free dynamic range
- Supply voltages
- Total harmonic distortions
- Total power consumption
- Wireless application
- wireless cell culture monitoring
- Controllers
- Electric impedance measurement
- Microcontrollers
- Monitoring
- Probes
- Signal generators
- Wireless telecommunication systems
- Cell culture