@inproceedings{67b2c24686ac423bb972e2b36fdc2170,
title = "Analysis of ΔΣ-synchronization in wireless sensor nodes",
abstract = "We analyse the use of a ΔΣ-modulator in the nodes of a wireless sensor network, which is a new method to achieve long term synchronization. We consider star topology WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) with a central base station and address timing synchronization using low frequency realtime clocks. The WSN uses a beacon driven TDMA-protocol for bidirectional node/base communication. Between the beacons, which are sent by the base station, lie the superframe time intervals to handle data transmission from node to base. The ΔΣ-modulator is used to generate - at average - the accurate superframe duration for any rational number of clock ticks, by generating a sequence of superframes with different time durations, but each consisting of integer multiples of clock ticks. We discuss the synchronization accuracy based on the internal arithmetic of the ΔΣ-modulator and show by theory a relation between synchronization accuracy and word length of the internal arithmetic. Additionally the fractional part of a crystal clock module is responsible for variations in the synchronization quality. We present an equation that allows us to interpret measurements showing periodic variations of synchronization quality.",
keywords = "Synchronization, Clocks, Wireless sensor networks, Noise, Crystals, Accuracy, Quantization (signal)",
author = "Hans-Peter Bernhard and Achim Berger and Andreas Springer",
note = "DBLP License: DBLP's bibliographic metadata records provided through http://dblp.org/ are distributed under a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Although the bibliographic metadata records are provided consistent with CC0 1.0 Dedication, the content described by the metadata records is not. Content may be subject to copyright, rights of privacy, rights of publicity and other restrictions.",
year = "2015",
month = sep,
day = "28",
doi = "10.1109/INDIN.2015.7281857",
language = "English",
isbn = "978-1-4799-6648-6",
series = "Proceeding - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, INDIN 2015",
publisher = "IEEE Computer Society",
pages = "914--918",
booktitle = "Proceeding - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, INDIN 2015",
address = "United States",
}